Wednesday, January 29, 2020
Martin Luther King Jr Essay Example for Free
Martin Luther King Jr Essay Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 15, 1929. He was born during a time when black people did not have the rights which they have today. He experienced racial discrimination when their white neighbors refused to let him play with their boys. When he was five years old his mother persuaded the first grade teacher, Miss Dickerson, to make room for him in her class. Even though he started several weeks after the other children, he soon caught up with them academically and even surpassed them before the year was over. Miss Lemon, his teacher taught him to be independent. She taught him if there was an injustice, he could rebel, but still keep his dignity and find quiet ways to resist. She inspired her students to learn about black history and take pride in their heritage. When he was 15 years old he entered Morehouse College. After two years in school he decided he could best serve others by becoming a minister. He became assistant minister of the Ebenezer Baptist church where his father was minister. The following year he graduated from college, being only 19 years old. He then attended Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania. While he was at Crozer he began to study the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi urged people to not fight, but to protest peacefully. Martin saw this method of non-violent resistance as the answer to the unfair treatment blacks received in America. At Boston University he met Coretta Scott who became his wife. They had four children.When he graduated from Boston University he became the minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. On August 28, 1963 Martin Luther King and other leaders led a march into Washington D.C. Over 200,000 people marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. It was here where Martin Luther delivered his I Have a Dream message.
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Sea Lions: Natures Playful Aquatic Land Mammals Essays -- Essays Pap
Sea Lions: Nature's Playful Aquatic Land Mammals Introduction Sea lions may look like sea creatures, but they also behave like terrestrial animals. Unlike whales, mammals that spend their entire lives in water, sea lions inhabit both the water and land throughout their lives. This aquatic land animal prefers the water for food, fun, and safety; while preferring the land for socializing, territory, and procreation. Being mammals, they share many behaviors common to humans and other mammals. Like mammals, they are born with the ability to walk on land shortly after birth. Surprisingly, they are not born with the ability to swim from birth, but need to be taught by their mothers. Like other mammals, they love to stay in social groups. During their reproductive season, females are dominated by aggressive males, that establish harems on the beaches. The relationship between females and their pups is characterized by affection, protection, nourishment, and instruction. In contrast to their limited terrestrial mobility, they can swim much better than they can walk. Unlike other land mammals, they have the ability to sleep in water . The most interesting thing is that they can sleep in water by using one part of their brain, while the other part of their brain is asleep ("Birds sleep with one eye open, half awake, study finds"). Clearly, sea lions have adapted well to a both an aquatic and land life. Sea lions are parts of the seal family and in the class of Pinnipedia ("Sea lion"). They have external ear flaps and well-developed foreflippers and hind flippers ("Sea lion"). Their predators include killer whales, sharks and humans ("Sea lion"). Sea lions have several types such as Zolophous, Steller, etc. Stellar sea lions are t... ...nd more than in the sea. Unfortunately, some species of sea lions are declining and may become extinct so that it is time to save them by enacting laws for protecting them and encouraging people not to kill them for commercial reasons. "Birds Sleep with One Eye Open, Half Awake, Study Finds." {CNN} 5 Feb. 1999. Bruemmer, Fred. "My Life Among Wild Pinnipeds." {International Wildlife} July-Aug. 1996: 10-12. Peterson, Richard S., and George A. Bartholomew. {The Natural History and Behavior of the California Sea Lion}. Los Angeles: American Society of Mammalogists, 1967. "Sea Lion." {Www.nhgs.tec.va.us/ptoption/sealion.html} (1999) "Sea Lion: Bark Is Worse Than His Bite." {Wysiwyg://104/http://www.letsfindout.com} (1999) "A Seal's-Eye View of Undersea Hunt." {MSNBC} 11 Feb. 1999. "Steller Sea Lion Distribution." {US Department of Commerce} (1999)
Monday, January 13, 2020
A 24-hour society Essay
In a 24-hour society, when are people supposed to get a good night’s rest? The automobile industry, the airline industry, the medical industry, the manufacturing industry, the safety industry – all of these and others are industries which cannot simply close at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. People must work around the clock to provide for the health, safety, and entertainment of others. Unfortunately, scientists are becoming more concerned about the effects of the night shift on American workers. While the night shift cannot be obliterated from working class America, those that do work on this schedule and the companies that employ them must be aware of the physical and psychological factors that come into play for the employee as well as the risks for the company itself. Twenty to thirty million Americans have jobs that require them to work nontraditional schedules, which includes working during nighttime hours when other, traditional workers are asleep (Weiss, 1989).  This shift has been around since society became industrialized because the need for 24 hour services in prisons and hospitals necessitated a â€Å"night†person. However, these night workers have a much more difficult time than day workers in a variety of areas. Most of these problems can be traced back to the lack of sleep and light that these workers receive while they are awake. See more: My Writing Process Essay Scientists have been studying the body’s circadian rhythms in order to solve the puzzle of sleep deprivation and its effects.                                                                                                                         Circadian rhythms are the body’s reaction to the alternation of light and dark and  cues such as the timing of meals and sleep. This 24hour light-dark circadian cycle  is derived from the Latin circa (â€Å"about†) and dies (â€Å"day†). Since prehistoric times, circadian rhythms have regulated the pattern of working by day and sleeping by night†(Learning to live with light-dark cycles, 1996). This genetic functioning is the basis for how individuals are genetically programmed to sleep and to wake. According to scientists, the light from around a person travels through his eye to the hypothalamus in the brain – where the supposed â€Å"biological clock†is located. Then the impulse travels to the pineal gland at which point the production of melatonin (the hormone that allows people to sleep) is dramatically reduced. The rise and fall of melatonin in the body affects body temperature, perceived energy and enzyme and hormone production (Learning to live with light-dark cycles, 1996).    Basically, most of the body’s functions are related to this simple perception of light and dark. One researcher, Dr. Foster, studying this phenomenon,  â€Å"found cells in the human eye that do nothing but detect bright sunlight and tell the brain to reset the sleep cycle accordingly†(Pepper, 2004). He found that these eye cells do not help produce vision but are only set to respond to daylight. It is important to note that even on a cloudy day, the daylight produced is 500 to 1,000 times brighter than any type of artificial light used in factories or offices. These artificial lights do not fool these cells in the eye.    Pepper (2004) cites Foster in saying â€Å"You need light of a long duration and high brightness to shift the [biological] clock. This explains why business travelers crossing time zones eventually adapt, but night-shift workers never do. They get a dose of natural light on their way to and from work, too strong for a factory’s dim lamps to counter.† These special eye cells feed directly to the brain and tell the brain’s ‘biological clock’ which is really about 20,000 cells with the scientific name of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, whether the person is receiving daylight or not. If he is, the cells send out the word to stay away; if he is not, the cells send out sleep signals (Pepper, 2004). In addition to the sleepy or energized feeling that these cells can regulate, the human body is also affected in other ways. Scientific research has proved that people who work the third shift have a greater incidence of heart disease than those who work the first shift. They explain it by revealing that the less exposure to daylight a person has, the more the cholesterol is produced in the bloodstream, which will clog the person’s arteries (Fischette, 1992). â€Å"Blood pressure and pulse rates are slowest during the night, but rise dramatically upon wakening. Physicians see more heart attack and stroke patients in the morning hours. Studies also are finding that circadian rhythms affect diabetes and certain cancers. For people with asthma, coughing and respiratory arrest are most common between midnight and 6:00 a.m.†(Pepper, 2004).  Similarly, Glaxo, Inc. a research organization in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, notes other physiological effects that fall under control of these circadian rhythms: When parents remark that their children seem to grow overnight, they may not be far from the truth. During the hours of sleep, the human growth hormone is produced in greater abundance and is not inhibited from doing its job by activity hormones, like adrenaline, which are released during the day. Jet lag. When traveling to a different time zone, jet lag afflicts travelers and disrupts sleep and daytime functioning. The body’s circadian rhythm becomes â€Å"out of sync†with the rhythm of light and dark, taking up to several days to re-align itself to the new routine. Shift workers’ sleep disorder. Re-adjusting the body’s clock to different schedules on night or rotating shifts plays havoc with the natural circadian rhythm that responds to light and dark, making one’s temperature lowest at night and highest during the day. Although shift workers make up one-fourth of the nation’s workforce, they are twice as likely as nine-to-five individuals to report sleep disruption. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD). For some people, the â€Å"winter blues†aren’t just a mood, but a chronic disorder that leads to depression, drowsiness, and carbohydrate cravings during the winter months. People suffering from SAD report longer periods of sleep, indicating that this disorder may be a circadian disturbance due to the shorter days of winter. Lung function. The body’s production of cortisol steroids, which control lung inflammation, drops at night and peaks in the morning. This means air flow in and out of the lungs is best at 4:00 p.m., often giving athletes a â€Å"leg up,†compared with other times of the day. Air flow drops to its lowest point at 4:00 a.m., explaining why people with asthma often have nocturnal problems.   (Learning to live with light-dark cycles, 1996). All of these negative affects will be exacerbated for those who must work during the dark, sleeping hours. Other problems can also arise from a lack of sleep due to working the third shift. A range of personality and behavioral problems may arise due attitudes related to shift work. These attitudes correlate to sleep habits and self-assessed feelings of vigor (Bohle & Tilley, 1998).  Even if third shift workers are able to stay alert on shift, they may not be able to sleep during the day which exposes them to all kinds of additional problems due to sleep deprivation.  â€Å"Studies show that one night’s loss of sleep results in a 30 percent drop in cognitive performance, rising to 60 percent after two nights†(Bohle & Tilley, 1998). This means that the ability to think and make decisions quickly, as may be required by the majority of third shift workers – police officers, air traffic controllers and medical personnel – may be seriously diminished if they cannot sleep well during the day. Of course, as previously mentioned, the amount of daylight makes this very difficult (Bohle & Tilley, 1998).                   The attitudes toward the night shift can also affect relationships and performance. Night shift was most frequently characterized as being tiring, having drowsy moments, being bad for family life and not starting too early in a study reported by Bohle & Tilley, 1998). Stickgold et al, 1999 reports also that night owls have slower reaction times, slower motor responses and slower levels of linguistic and associated processing. These could be very costly for some people.                                       Sadly, the vast majority of industrial accidents occur in the overnight hours when some workers may doze or suffer from lowered cognitive functioning. Such was the case with the accident at Three Mile Island, which began at 4 am. And the accident at Chernobyl, at 1:23 am (  the early hours when night-shift workers are prone to doze: the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island started at 4 a.m., Chernobyl at 1:23 a.m. (Bohle & Tilley, 1998).  â€Å"We are asking 20 percent of our work force, including pilots and surgeons, to operate when they’re massively impaired,†says Dr. Russell Foster, a molecular neuroscientist at London’s Imperial College (Bohle & Tilley, 1998).  Indeed, over 50% of shift workers admitted to falling asleep at least once while on the job (Weiss, 1989).Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚  .                                 Scientists are working on some medications and false lighting systems to help with the physiological and psychological problems associated with third shift work. Until then, workers and their company’s should take steps to prevent accidents and illnesses which may result. References Bohle, P & Tilley, AJ. (1998). Early experience of shif twork: Influences on attitudes. Journal of            Occupational and Organizational Psychology 71, 61-79. Fischette, M. (1992). Working the heart-disease shift. Omni14 (11) Pepper, T. (2004). Night Shift. Newsweek (Atlantic Edition) 144 (16). Stickgold, R., Scott, L., Rittenhouse, C., & Hobson, J.A. (1999). Sleep-induced changes in    associative memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11(2) Weiss, R. (1989). Safety gets short shrift on long night shift. Science News 135 (3)
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Individual Global Crises Are the Result of a Failing...
Introduction: When we solve problems we are taught to breakdown our issues into smaller components and analyze each piece separately in order to find a solution. This is a good method for problem solving, however, we must take into consideration that many problems are complex and their components intricately connected. It is essential that we put these pieces back together and analyze the problem as a whole to make sure we are not missing any critical information. In this paper I am going to explore many issues of global crises. I will argue that global crises such as environmental degradation, the diminishing of fossil fuels, food shortages, economic instability, and international terrorism are all the result of a failed global system.†¦show more content†¦Human-caused global environmental changes are the result of a rapidly growing population and our high dependencies on non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels (Vitousek, 1994). We are part of a consumerist society wh ich keeps us plugged into this dependency on cheap fossil fuels (Ahmed, 2012). Our intensive industrial and agricultural activities cause us to exploit the Earth’s resources, and we cannot continue on this path. Ahmed (2012) explains that this does not mean the end of the world, but it does mean that this is the end of a particular form of industrial civilization which is based upon the idea of unlimited growth. Diminishing Fossil Fuels: Ahmed (2012) argues that we have reached peak oil, and states that even BP’s data shows we reached a peak in 2004 followed by a few years of plateau and we are now in the beginning of a descent. Shafiee and Topal (2009) created a model for estimating the depletion of fossil fuels. With their model they have calculated that oil, coal, and gas reserves will be exhausted in approximately 35, 107 and 37 years, respectively. We are already beginning to suffer the economic consequences of the world’s declining fossil fuel reserves, with a significant increase in gas prices since the 80’s (Tepperman and Curtis,Show MoreRelatedThe Crisis Of Our Crises1592 Words  | 7 Pagesthe newfound ease of communication individuals and organizations faced; ideas and capital were spread farther, quicker, and with more ease than ever before. However, with the global web of interconnectivity growing more complex as time passed, it became evident that societ y was experiencing an inverse effect. As more actors began to involve themselves in an international integration, the ability to cooperate was declining. In their article, The Crisis of our Crises, Jeremy Adelman and Anne-Laure DelatteRead MoreBusiness Economics : An Important Effect On Business1595 Words  | 7 PagesIn recent years, the globalization has faced with a multitude of economic, social and environmental crises which these situations have had profound impact on business by threatening the well-being of present and future business economics. For example, business economics are an important effect to enterprises or companies’ strategies especially the factors which influence on their decisions, there are considering the acquisitions of productive materials and the transformation of these materials intoRead MoreBanking and Financial System are Heavily Regulated1122 Words  | 5 PagesBanking is a heavily regulated industry that is very protected to prevent cris es that can cause huge economic harm. One topic that has been greatly debated in the history of financial systems is whether competition is good or bad for financial stability. It is complex and hard to know which side is right. Pretty much everyone with an opinion at least concedes that there are good points for both sides. All the arguments run both ways, and the evidence is mixed. History can show evidence that bothRead MoreThe Role of Banks in Economic Recessions1644 Words  | 7 PagesThe role of banks in economic recessions 05.05.2009 In today’s wavering global economic context, the word `crisis` is omnipresent, taking the media by assault and infringing into the population’s daily life, although many countries haven’t even officially entered recession yet. Although recession is generally referred to as a negative Gross Domestic Product growth for a period of at least two consecutive quarters, other important economicRead MoreGlobal Security And International Global Economy Essay2123 Words  | 9 Pageswe are facing in our international economy. The amount of conflicting challenges the global economy is dealing with is absurd. A few major issues are: Environmental Security, Global Corporation, Political war/conflict, Globalization and so much more. Needless to say global security and international organization (IO) are needed more than ever to help maintain a stable global economy. This paper will show why global security and IO is critically needed yet is not being effectively helping regulateRead MoreGlobal Security And International Global Economy Essay2133 Words  | 9 Pagesare facing in our international economy. The amount of conflicting challenges the global economy is dealing with is absurd. A few major issues are: Environmental Security, Global Corporation, Political war/conflict, Globalization and so much more. Needless to say, global security and international organization (IO) are needed more than ever to help maintain a stable global economy. This paper will show why global security and IO is critically needed yet is not being effectively helping regulateRead MoreAdvantages Of Industrial Policy From The Infant Industry1548 Words  | 7 PagesIntroduction The global economy has evolved hugely since the end of the Second World War. The growth of previously failing countries has added to the complexity of the global markets and has resulted in winners and losers. The rise of Brazil, India and China through cheap labour and export orientated policy has shifted power away from the US and Eurozone, and has paved a way for developing economies to bridge the divide between the ‘global south and global north’. Most significantly, the Asian TigerRead MoreEffects of Finanacial Crises on Nigerian Capital Market5207 Words  | 21 Pagesbanking, the sub-prime mortgage crisis that commenced in the United States in 2007 soon resonated in other sectors of its financial system, and the economy, at large. It spread quickly to the developed economies in Europe, including the United Kingdom, and Asia -with Japan becoming well affected. The emerging economies were not isolated. A transmission channel of the global financial crisis, which h as been referred to as the â€Å"Globalised Synchronized Slowdown†is the stock market SERE-EJEMBI, (2008).Read MoreThe Cold War, By Joseph Heller s Catch 22, Sidney Lumet s Film, Full Metal Jacket1321 Words  | 6 Pagesanti-Soviet sentiments, but also engage in a complex negotiation between contrasting attitudes towards a range of Cold War concerns. Thus, the texts serve as biting social critiques of humanity’s unbridled efforts to assume absolute global dominance, which will inevitably result of the destruction of even the most resilient of minds and, ultimately, the entire fabric of civilisation. (149) In Catch-22, Heller offers an insightful, comical look into the lunacy and corruption of the War Machine by presentingRead MoreThe Proliferation Of Crises Around The World1529 Words  | 7 PagesThe proliferation of crises around the world has led to a prominent increase in the fascination, as well as interest, in the concept of â€Å"social entrepreneurship†. In today’s society, this concept has inspired numerous individuals to pursue a career being social entrepreneur as it promises to solve some of the world’s toughest problems while earning money and gaining social status. That being said, these are often the individuals/agencies that are exempted from public examination as they are seen
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)